AI failures
On TIN, AI failures are AI deployments that left a public record of going wrong: a court sanction, a regulator's fine or order, a product pulled or terms walked back after backlash, a retraction, or a claim an auditor or court found unsupported. In the fabricated-citation and AI-washing cases, what gets sanctioned is not the model being wrong. It is someone filing its output without checking it, or claiming more for it than the evidence supports. Each case file links to the ruling, order or filing behind it.
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Case files 159
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The FTC permanently banned FBA Machine over its 'AI-powered' online-store income scheme, with a $15.7M judgment (2025) 2026-09-03verified A Florida federal judge refused to call Character.AI's chatbot output 'speech' and let a wrongful-death product-liability suit proceed 2026-09-03verified Opendoor's algorithmic home-pricing model drove a $928M quarterly loss and a $573M home write-down, then 18% layoffs (Q3 2022) 2026-09-03verified Pennsylvania made GEICO fix an AI-driven auto-insurance cancellation process the state called unfair and confusing (2026) 2026-09-03verified South Korea's first AI privacy sanction: the PIPC fined Scatter Lab KRW 103.3 million for training the Iruda chatbot on 9.4 billion KakaoTalk messages 2026-09-03verified A Miami federal jury found Tesla's Autopilot defective: $200 million in punitive damages and a ~$243 million judgment in the first U.S. Autopilot death verdict 2026-09-03verified The first pedestrian killed by a self-driving car: NTSB found Uber's automated system detected Elaine Herzberg 5.6 seconds out, never classified her as a pedestrian, and had emergency braking disabled (Tempe, 2018) 2026-09-03verified Nature published AlphaFold3 without its code, and it took an open letter and six months to get it released 2026-09-02verified France's CNIL fined Clearview AI the maximum €20 million for facial-recognition scraping, then added a €5.2 million penalty when it did not comply 2026-09-02verified A court declared a government fraud algorithm unlawful: the Dutch SyRI judgment 2026-09-02verified A benefits algorithm brought down a government: the Dutch childcare-benefits scandal and its EUR 2.75m discrimination fine 2026-09-02verified Texas wins a $1.4B settlement from Meta over facial-recognition biometric capture — 2024 2026-09-02verified Italy's competition authority fined TikTok 10 million euros over its recommendation algorithm: the 'French scar' challenge, algorithmic profiling of minors, and three ByteDance companies fined in solido in 2024 2026-09-02verified When a court ruled the computer was wrong: the Post Office Horizon scandal, 39 convictions quashed and an Act of Parliament to overturn the rest 2026-09-02verified Barrows v. Humana: the nH Predict AI coverage-denial suit where breach of contract, good faith and fraud survived a motion to dismiss 2026-09-01verified Italy's Garante fines Deliveroo €2.5M for its rider-management algorithm — 2021 2026-09-01verified The Justice Department made Meta rebuild its ad algorithm: a $115,054 maximum penalty, the first FHA algorithmic-bias case, and a Variance Reduction System under court oversight to 2026 2026-09-01verified NHTSA's Tesla Autopilot recall: 2,031,220 vehicles fixed over-the-air after regulators found Autosteer's controls insufficient to prevent driver misuse 2026-09-01verified Michigan's MiDAS fraud algorithm wrongly accused tens of thousands: 40,195 cases decided by machine, a 93% error rate, and a $20 million settlement 2026-08-31verified Court of Rome annuls the Garante's €15M ChatGPT fine against OpenAI on one-stop-shop jurisdiction (R.G. 4785/2025, 2026) 2026-08-27verified The AI shopping app that ran on people: DOJ and SEC charge Nate's founder over an 'effectively zero percent' automation rate 2026-08-27verified The 'AI-powered' store that lost its investors everything: the FTC banned Automators AI and entered a $21.7M judgment 2026-08-27verified GEMA v Suno (LG München I, 42 O 763/25): Munich court rules AI music training and model memorisation infringe copyright 2026-08-27verified A German court held Google directly liable for its AI Overviews: the Landgericht München I ruled the AI summary is Google's own speech, not a search result (26 O 869/26) 2026-08-27verified Apple's $250M Siri settlement: the price of an over-promised Apple Intelligence, in the public record 2026-08-27verified The FCC fined Lingo Telecom $1 million for carrying the AI Biden deepfake robocalls that told New Hampshire voters to stay home 2026-08-26verified The FTC fines Cox Media Group and two partners $930,000 over an 'Active Listening' AI ad service that never listened 2026-08-25verified Bartz v. Anthropic: a $1.5 billion settlement, the largest in U.S. copyright history, over pirated books used to train Claude 2026-08-24verified When an AI denial tool reaches federal court: in Lokken v. UnitedHealth, the breach-of-contract claims over 'nH Predict' survive Medicare preemption 2026-08-24verified A German court says you own what your chatbot says: OLG Hamm holds a clinic liable when its AI invented specialist titles 2026-08-24verified Dutch DPA fines Uber €824.99M for automated driver deactivation without human review 2026-08-24verified The UK government banks £45bn a year on AI and digital efficiencies its own auditor says are not yet evidenced 2026-08-24verified A VA watchdog found errors in nearly all 8,100 automated survivors' death-benefit decisions it reviewed, with $2.7M in improper payments 2026-08-24verified SEC 'AI-washing' enforcement: Rimar Capital and owner Itai Liptz pay $310,000 for an AI trading platform that didn't exist 2026-08-23verified A Connecticut federal judge fines a lawyer $3,500 and refers him for discipline over AI-fabricated legal authorities 2026-08-21verified Pooja Ramesh Singh v. J&K Bank [2026] INSC 668: India's Supreme Court sets aside a tribunal's own AI-hallucinated 'precedents', 'no decision in the eyes of the law' 2026-08-20verified Re A, B, C, D [2026] EWFC 71 (B): a family court names an unregistered barrister who put four AI-hallucinated authorities before it 2026-08-20verified Connecticut's high court, for the first time, sanctions a lawyer for ChatGPT-hallucinated citations 2026-08-17verified An AI-drafted petition, a 'wrong draft' excuse, and a referral to the Florida Bar: JMOR Properties v. Artist Alley Townhomes 2026-08-17verified The Third Circuit's first AI-hallucination sanction: a public reprimand for unverified, AI-generated citations 2026-08-17verified Spain's AEPD fines Mercadona €2,520,000 over its store-entrance facial-recognition system 2026-08-17verified Rechtbank Amsterdam raises a costs award by €2,315.50 after a fabricated DSM/Fox citation the losing party blamed on AI hallucination 2026-08-12verified Quebec's appeal court ordered a self-represented litigant to pay $1,000 in costs for filing four ChatGPT-fabricated court decisions 2026-08-11verified Brazil's ANPD halts Meta's use of personal data to train generative AI (2024) 2026-08-10verified Dutch DPA fines the Tax Administration €2.75M for unlawful algorithmic nationality profiling 2026-08-10verified Hungary's NAIH halts a bank's AI emotion analysis of call recordings, HUF 250,000,000 fine (2022) 2026-08-10verified Italy's Garante blocks DeepSeek: limitation on processing of Italian users' data (2025) 2026-08-10verified Italy's Garante fines Foodinho (Glovo) for its rider-management algorithm: €2.6M in 2021, €5M in 2024 2026-08-10verified Spain's AEPD orders Worldcoin (Tools for Humanity) to halt biometric iris-scanning data processing (2024) 2026-08-10verified Adobe updated its Terms of Use after an AI-training backlash to state it won't train generative AI on customer content 2026-08-09verified After a December 2023 backlash over a default-on 'third-party AI' setting, Dropbox said customer data is never used to train OpenAI's models and is deleted within 30 days 2026-08-09verified HubSpot reversed a July 2026 terms-of-service change that would have pooled customer data and allowed AI-model training, after customer backlash 2026-08-09verified Humane discontinued the Ai Pin and bricked shipped devices; HP bought its AI assets for $116M 2026-08-09verified A US federal court let a nationwide age-discrimination case against Workday's AI hiring tool proceed as a collective action (May 2025) 2026-08-09verified Mozilla rewrote Firefox's Terms of Use after backlash, saying the change wasn't about using data for AI 2026-08-09verified After a user backlash, Slack updated its AI 'privacy principles' over training ML models on customer data (May 2024) 2026-08-09verified X suspended EU/EEA user-data training for Grok after Ireland's DPC took urgent High Court action 2026-08-09verified After backlash, Zoom reversed its terms of service so it will not use customer content to train AI (August 2023) 2026-08-09verified WeTransfer removed the machine-learning clause from its Terms of Service after user backlash (July 2025) 2026-08-08verified Chicago Sun-Times ran an AI-generated summer reading list where only 5 of 15 books were real 2026-08-07verified Google scaled back AI Overviews after it told users to put glue on pizza and eat rocks 2026-08-07verified Microsoft capped its 'unhinged' new Bing AI chat at 5 turns per session and 50 per day 2026-08-07verified Microsoft's "Tay" chatbot was pulled offline within ~16 hours after learning to be racist 2026-08-07verified Zillow shut down its algorithmic home-buying business after a $304M write-down and 25% layoffs 2026-08-07verified ADGM Court (Heath J.): AED 282,508 indemnity costs against MIO Legal Consultants for AI-fabricated authorities in a defence pleading 2026-08-06verified Tribunale di Siracusa n. 338/2026: ~€30,206 in awards after four Cassation citations with fabricated holdings, court infers unverified generative-AI use 2026-08-05verified Arizona federal court: attorney sanctioned for AI-fabricated citations, only 5 to 7 of 19 cases were real, pro hac vice revoked, no fine 2026-08-05verified Miller v. Regions Bank: an Alabama attorney deleted his ChatGPT account to hide AI-fabricated citations, and lost far more than the case 2026-08-05verified A federal appeals court fines a lawyer $2,500 for an AI-drafted brief, even though she used purpose-built legal-AI tools 2026-08-04verified A Massachusetts judge fines a lawyer $2,000 for filing briefs full of AI-invented cases, the state's first 2026-08-03verified An Illinois appeals court fined attorney Mason Cole $15,000 for ChatGPT-hallucinated citations 2026-07-28verified Lichfield v. Kubler: 10th Circuit finds AI-fabricated citations but declines to sanction 2026-07-27verified Ontario Law Society Tribunal orders a lawyer to pay $31,150 in costs after Grok-generated fake citations 2026-07-25verified OTG New York v. Ottogi America: a New Jersey federal court fines a lawyer $3,000 for a reply brief built on AI-hallucinated citations (2025) 2026-07-25verified Torres Campos v. Munoz: a published California appellate opinion sanctions a lawyer $5,000 for citing AI-hallucinated cases in a dog-custody fight (2026) 2026-07-25verified Air Canada held liable for its website chatbot's bad advice: tribunal orders C$812.02 (Moffatt v. Air Canada, 2024 BCCRT 149) 2026-07-23verified A federal court prices an unchecked AI legal workflow: $3,000 sanctions each for the attorneys behind an AI-drafted brief with nearly thirty defective citations 2026-07-23verified €30.5 million for an illegal AI face database: the Dutch DPA's final, unappealable GDPR fine on Clearview AI 2026-07-23verified iTutorGroup pays $365,000 after the EEOC alleges its application software auto-rejected 200+ older applicants, the settlement the agency's Chair tied to its AI enforcement push 2026-07-23verified FTC final order: the 'AI-powered' web-accessibility widget that promised any-website WCAG compliance pays $1,000,000 2026-07-23verified Federal court enters $25M judgment and permanent ban against Ascend Ecom after FTC alleges its 'AI-powered' passive-income storefronts earned clients virtually nothing 2026-07-23verified FTC orders DoNotPay's 'world's first robot lawyer' to pay $193,000 and notify subscribers over unsubstantiated AI claims 2026-07-23verified FTC v. Evolv: the AI scanner marketed as detecting all weapons missed a knife used in a school stabbing, and a federal court entered a permanent injunction 2026-07-23verified FTC × IntelliVision: a 'zero bias, millions of faces' AI claim, measured against NIST 2026-07-23verified Federal court bans Rite Aid from AI facial-recognition surveillance for five years after FTC alleges thousands of false-positive matches 2026-07-23verified FTC final order: the '98% accurate' AI Content Detector was an unmodified student model, and its own published data showed 53.2% on real-world text 2026-07-23verified The €15 million ChatGPT fine that didn't survive: Italy's Garante fined OpenAI, the Court of Rome annulled it 2026-07-23verified A $2.275M class settlement takes the algorithm's score away: Louis v. SafeRent and the five-year rollback of tenant-screening scores for voucher applicants 2026-07-23verified The canonical AI-hallucination sanction: $5,000, jointly and severally, for the lawyers who filed six ChatGPT-fabricated cases in Mata v. Avianca 2026-07-23verified SEC AI washing enforcement: Delphia and Global Predictions pay $400,000 for AI claims they couldn't back 2026-07-23verified SEC AI-washing order: Presto's drive-thru 'voice AI' needed a human on every order 2026-07-23verified A federal court fined a public defender $1,500 for a fake citation, then declined to say AI wrote it 2026-07-23verified Leiske v. Kidd (Del. Ch.): one of Delaware's oldest firms — Richards, Layton & Finger — ordered to show cause over GenAI-hallucinated citations. No sanction yet. 2026-07-16verified Romero v. Corona Investments: the Seventh Circuit found 'an astonishing number of hallucinated citations' — and declined to sanction anyway 2026-07-16verified Akerlund v. Atlas Air: a federal appeals court refers a former Florida lawmaker to its lawyer-conduct committee over AI-hallucinated citations, filed twice 2026-07-10verified Meta pulls Instagram's Muse Image @-mention feature three days after launch 2026-07-10verified JPMorgan's COIN: the famous 360,000-hours figure, and why it was never independently measured 2026-07-07verified Klarna's AI customer-service assistant: the 2024 numbers and the 2025 walk-back 2026-07-07verified TSXG Galicia: Spain's High Court of Justice of Galicia fines a lawyer €1,800 for an appeal built on 24 AI-fabricated citations, and sizes the fine to a legal-AI subscription 2026-07-07verified Zalando's 2018 'algorithms replace 250 marketing jobs': the headline, and the hiring plan it left out 2026-07-07verified Landberg v. City of New York: an AI-fabricated appellate brief drew $10,500 in sanctions 2026-06-23verified Italy's Supreme Court fines an appellant €5,000 for AI-hallucinated case citations 2026-06-22verified Barber v. Morawa: Michigan's first published appellate opinion sanctioning a lawyer for AI-fabricated citations 2026-06-17verified Withers v. City of Aberdeen: a federal court sanctions attorneys on both sides $8,000 for AI-hallucinated citations 2026-06-08verified Alabama Supreme Court dismisses appeal, fines lawyer $17,200 for AI-'hallucinated' citations 2026-04-24verified Rodney v Gee'z Micro Bar: a County Court refers two solicitors to the SRA over AI-suspected fake citations 2026-04-23verified United States v. Farris: a federal appeals court denies a lawyer his pay and removes him from the case over AI-fabricated quotations from Westlaw's CoCounsel 2026-04-03verified Italy's Supreme Court fines an appellant EUR 3,000 for AI-hallucinated citations — Cass. pen. Sez. 7 Ord. 11431/2026 2026-03-26verified Prososki v. Regan: Nebraska Supreme Court strikes an appellate brief and refers counsel for discipline over fictitious, allegedly AI-generated citations 2026-03-20verified Whiting v. City of Athens: a federal appeals court fines two lawyers $15,000 each for briefs with 'over two dozen fake citations' 2026-03-13verified In re Nwaubani: the Fourth Circuit publicly admonishes a lawyer over nonexistent citations 'potentially derived from generative AI' 2026-03-11verified Ars Technica retracts an article after an AI tool fabricated quotations 2026-02-13verified Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines: 10th Circuit sanctions attorney $1,000 for ChatGPT-fabricated citations 2026-02-09verified A New York court annuls a university's AI-detection finding, and orders the record expunged 2026-01-28verified Kjoller v. Superior Court: California's high court steps in on a prosecutor's AI-fabricated brief 2026-01-14verified New York's first appellate AI-sanction: a lawyer who conceded using AI, 23 fabricated cases, and $10,000 in penalties (Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v LeTennier) 2026-01-08verified Couvrette v. Wisnovsky (D. Or.): a $15,500 sanction for AI-fabricated citations, at $500 per fake case and $1,000 per fabricated quotation 2026-01-01verified Dastou v. Holmes: a Massachusetts judge sanctions a lawyer for ChatGPT-fabricated jury instructions, no fine, but an MCLE course and no billing the client 2026-01-01verified A federal judge struck a lawyer's brief over 17 AI-fabricated quotations and folded the conduct into a grievance referral 2026-01-01verified Oregon Court of Appeals fines a lawyer $10,000 for AI-fabricated authority: the state's largest such penalty and the Ringo formula's biggest bill yet 2026-01-01verified Fivehouse v. U.S. Dept. of Defense (E.D.N.C.): a federal prosecutor is publicly reprimanded for a brief with AI-fabricated quotations 2026-01-01verified A federal court fined a lawyer $6,000 for a brief built on an AI-hallucinated case 2026-01-01verified Gauthier v. Goodyear: a Texas lawyer is sanctioned $2,000 for filing AI-hallucinated case citations 2026-01-01verified In re Marla C. Martin (Bankr. N.D. Ill.): a $5,500 Rule 9011 sanction for a ChatGPT-fabricated brief 2026-01-01verified A federal judge fined a lawyer $5,000 for filing AI-fabricated case citations against T.D. Jakes 2026-01-01verified Johnson v. Dunn: three lawyers are disqualified and referred to the bar for filing five ChatGPT-hallucinated citations 2026-01-01verified An Ohio federal judge fines two lawyers $7,500 for AI-fabricated citations, 'the most egregious' Rule 11 violation in his 46 years on the bench 2026-01-01verified Kohls v. Ellison: a court throws out a Stanford misinformation expert's declaration after GPT-4o invented its citations 2026-01-01verified Kruse v. Karlen: Missouri appeals court fines a pro se litigant $10,000 after 22 of 24 cited cases turn out to be AI fabrications (Mo. App. E.D., Feb. 2024) 2026-01-01verified Nine of 27 citations were wrong and two cases did not exist: a special master ordered Ellis George and K&L Gates to pay $31,100 2026-01-01verified A Kansas federal judge fined five attorneys $12,000 for AI-fabricated citations, and named the failure, not the AI 2026-01-01verified The Ninth Circuit fines two lawyers $2,500 each and suspends them for six months over AI-hallucinated briefs, but the sanction is for candor, not for using AI 2026-01-01verified A federal court fined a lawyer $6,000 for three briefs full of AI-fabricated citations 2026-01-01verified Oregon Court of Appeals fines a lawyer $2,000 for AI-fabricated authority, and sets a per-item price: $500 a fake citation, $1,000 a fake quote 2026-01-01verified Wadsworth v. Walmart: AI hallucinated eight of nine cases in a Morgan and Morgan brief, and a federal judge fined the lawyers $5,000 and revoked one pro hac vice 2026-01-01verified Czech Constitutional Court fines a lawyer 25,000 CZK for a complaint built on AI-hallucinated case law 2025-12-01verified Getty Images v Stability AI [2025] EWHC 2863 (Ch): UK High Court rejects the secondary copyright claim and finds only 'historic' and 'extremely limited' trade-mark infringement 2025-11-04verified Character.AI removes open-ended chat for under-18 users, retreating from the AI-companion model 2025-10-29verified United States v. McGee: a federal judge fines a court-appointed defense lawyer $5,000 for AI-hallucinated citations produced by a Microsoft Word plug-in called Ghostwriter Legal (2025) 2025-10-10verified Noland v. Land of the Free: California's first published opinion on AI-fabricated citations ($10,000 sanction) 2025-09-12verified AI-fabricated quotes and nonexistent citations in a Supreme Court of Victoria murder case 2025-08-15verified Ayinde v Haringey / Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank: the UK High Court's landmark ruling on AI-fabricated case-law 2025-06-06verified Garner v. Kadince: Utah Court of Appeals sanctions counsel for ChatGPT-hallucinated citations (2025 UT App 80) 2025-05-22verified Murray (Wamba Wemba) v Victoria: a Federal Court of Australia indemnity-costs order after AI-fabricated citations 2025-04-22verified Thomson Reuters v. Ross Intelligence: Delaware court rejects fair use for AI training data, finds 2,243 Westlaw headnotes infringed 2025-02-11verified Meta paused training its AI (LLMs) on EU/EEA Facebook and Instagram public data after the Irish DPC asked it to delay (June 2024) 2024-06-14verified ICO orders Serco Leisure to halt unlawful facial-recognition and fingerprint attendance monitoring of 2,000+ staff (2024) 2024-02-23verifiedLive Missions posts 24
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facial recognition lawsuits: what the enforced record shows (2026) 2026-08-29 ai copyright lawsuit: what the adjudicated record actually shows in 2026 2026-08-27 What is reward hacking? In 2026 it broke the benchmarks, then it breached a live company 2026-08-20 ai hiring discrimination in 2026: what the enforced record actually shows 2026-08-17 AI voice agents: what the verified record actually shows (2026) 2026-08-15 Are AI detectors reliable? The record says no, and Claude's watermark does not fix it 2026-08-14 ai fabricated citations in 2026: what the court and tribunal sanctions record shows 2026-08-06 the ai job-losses myth in 2026: what Zalando's own 2018 announcement actually shows 2026-08-06 ai washing in 2026: what the FTC's $25M Ascend Ecom order actually shows 2026-08-06 klarna ai layoffs in 2026: the 700-agent number and the 2025 reversal, explained 2026-08-06 ai agents in banking in 2026: what the most-cited numbers actually show 2026-08-04 ai customer service automation in 2026: what the record actually shows 2026-08-04Radar flashes 17
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Klarna's AI customer-service agent scaled to 850 agents' worth of work, then the company rehired about 100 human specialists 2026-07-16 VA watchdog finds 8,000 automated benefits decisions omitted favorable findings 2026-07-15 Commonwealth Bank reverses AI voice-bot job cuts after call volumes rose 2026-07-07 IBM: AI handled 94 percent of routine HR requests, and the missing 6 percent sent it back to hiring people 2026-07-07 Ford rehired 350 veteran engineers after leaning on AI for quality control fell short 2026-06-28Questions
Which companies have been penalised for AI washing?
On TIN's record, AI washing is selling a claim on an AI label that the evidence does not support. The SEC found the original version of Presto Automation's drive-thru voice AI needed a human agent on every order while its filings said it eliminated human order taking, and it penalised Delphia, Global Predictions and Rimar Capital. FTC orders cover Ascend Ecom, accessiBe, DoNotPay, Evolv, IntelliVision and Workado. Each case file links the order itself.
Are lawyers sanctioned for AI fabricated citations?
Yes, and not only in the US. TIN's case files include rulings from US federal and state courts and from courts or tribunals in the UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Abu Dhabi. Outcomes range from fines and costs orders to struck briefs, bar referrals, disqualification and suspension. In the rulings TIN's sanctions analysis compares, none was reduced for admitting AI use, and an Ontario tribunal called the AI misuse an aggravating factor.
What is the AI project failure rate?
TIN does not publish one. This pillar documents individual failures, each tied to its public record: Zillow winding down its algorithmic home-buying business after a write-down, Klarna re-recruiting human agents after its CEO said AI-only service had lowered quality, and the UK National Audit Office noting that published plans do not show how a government AI and digital savings figure was derived. When a failure rate is quoted, ask who measured it and how.
Which companies walked back AI after backlash?
Zoom, Slack, Dropbox, WeTransfer, Mozilla, Adobe, HubSpot and Automattic each rewrote or clarified terms or settings on AI training after user backlash. Microsoft capped Bing chat after erratic responses, Google scaled back AI Overviews after viral wrong answers, Meta pulled an Instagram AI image feature, and Character.AI removed open-ended companion chat for under-18 users. TIN's walk-backs page tracks reversals like these.
Can a company be held liable for what its AI chatbot says?
The record so far says yes. A British Columbia tribunal held Air Canada liable for negligent misrepresentation by its website chatbot and rejected the argument that the chatbot was a separate legal entity. A Munich court issued a preliminary injunction holding Google directly liable for defamatory AI Overviews. A Florida federal judge let a wrongful-death product-liability suit against Character.AI proceed, declining at that stage to treat its output as protected speech.
What are real examples of AI hiring discrimination cases?
The EEOC settled with iTutorGroup over application software it alleged automatically rejected older applicants, though the filings describe a programmed age rule rather than machine learning, and the company admitted no wrongdoing. In Mobley v. Workday a federal judge preliminarily certified a nationwide age-discrimination collective action over Workday's AI screening. That is a procedural ruling, not a finding on the merits, and Workday denies the claims.
Every figure on a TIN page is checked against its source before it is filed. How TIN checks the record.